Upper Extremity Broken Bones
If too much pressure is put on a bone, it will split, crack or break. A broken bone is also called a fracture. Fractures that occur in one of the many bones in your elbow, forearm, wrist and hand are called upper extremity fractures.
There are several types of fractures that affect the elbow, forearm, wrist and hand, including:
- A closed fracture occurs when the bone breaks but does not puncture your skin.
- An open or compound fracture occurs when the bone punctures your skin.
- A displaced fracture occurs when the bones break apart and are no longer straight.
- A non-displaced fracture occurs when the bone breaks in one spot and remains straight.
- A stress fracture occurs when repeated or prolonged force cause a hairline crack in the bone.
Fractures in the elbow, forearm, wrist and hand are often caused by falling, sports injuries or car accidents. Some medical conditions, like low bone density or osteoporosis, may also lead to weakened bones that are prone to cracks and breakage.
Symptoms, Diagnosis and Outlook
Symptoms
Symptoms of fractures in your elbow, forearm, wrist and hand include:
- Limb, joint or bone that is visibly misshapen and out of place
- Swelling, bleeding or bruising in the affected area
- Intense pain
- Tingling and numbness
- Broken skin with visible bone protruding
- Limited mobility or inability to move
- Loss of feeling or strength
Diagnosis
Fractures are diagnosed with a physical examination and X-rays to view the condition of the bone. Advanced imaging using CT scans and MRI may also be used to diagnose the severity and placement of the fracture.
Outcome
Your bones have a remarkable ability to mend, but it may take time. Your activities may be limited while the bones in your elbow, forearm, wrist or hand heal. Therapy may be required to help restore full function.
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Penn State Health includes the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, ranked as one of the best orthopedic providers in the country by U.S. News & World Report. This honor was earned because our doctors consistently deliver exceptional patient care and outcomes through their commitment to advanced treatments, translational research and provider training.
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